규칙 변화, 불규칙 변화 총정리

1.규칙적인 변화

 

①‘과거형, 과거분사형’이 같고 끝이 ‘-d’로 끝나는 것. [A B B]형

 

원형 과거형 과거분사형

lay (눕히다, 놓다, 낳다) laid laid

pay (지불하다) paid paid

say (말하다) said said

flee (도망치다) fled fled

hold (붙들다, 유지하다, 개최하다) held held

lead (인도하다, 살아가다) led led

sell (팔다) sold sold

tell (말하다, 알리다, 구별하다) told told

hear (듣다) heard heard

make (만들다) made made

 

②'과거형,과거분사형‘이 같고 끝이 ’-t로 끝나는 것. [A B B]형

 

원형 과거형 과거분사형 bend (굽히다, 구부리다) bent bent

bring (가져오다) brought brought

build (건축하다) built built

burn (타다, 태우다) burnt burnt

buy (사다) bought bought

 

catch (잡다) caught caught

creep (기다) crept crept

dream (꿈꾸다) dreamed dreamed

feel (느끼다) felt felt

learn (배우다) learned learned

leave (떠나다, 남기다, 맡기다,) left left

lend (빌려주다) lent lent

mean (의미하다) meant meant

seek (찾다, 추구하다) sought sought

send (보내다) sent sent

sleep (잠자다) slept slept

smell (냄새 맡다, 냄새가 나다) smelt smelt

spend (소비하다) spent spent

sweep (청소하다, 휩쓸다) swept swept

teach (가르치다) taught taught

think (생각하다) thought thought

keep (유지하다) kept kept

kneel (무릎 꿇다) knelt knelt

weep (울다) wept wept

 

③‘과거’에 ‘-ed’를 붙이고, ‘과거분사’에 ‘-n’또는 ‘-en'을 붙이는 것. [A B C]형

 

원형 과거형 과거분사형

show (보여주다) showed shown

sow (씨 뿌리다) sowed sown (or sowed)

swell (부풀다) swelled swollen (or swelled)

 

④‘원형, 과거형, 과거분사형’이 모두 같은 것. [A A A]형. 보통 모두 ‘-t'또는 '-d'로 끝난다.

 

 

원형 과거형 과거분사형

beat (치다, 뛰다, 이기다) beat beat

cast (던지다, 주조하다, 배역하다) cast cast

cost (요하다, 들다) cost cost

cut (베다) cut cut

hit (치다, 때리다) hit hit

hurt (다치다, 다치게 하다) hurt hurt

let (시키다) let let

put (놓다) put put

set (갖춰놓다, 배치하다) set set

shut (닫다) shut shut

 

⑤‘과거형’과 ‘과거분사형’이 같고, 모음만 변하는 것. [A B B]형

 

원형 과거형 과거분사형

bind (묶다) bound bound

fight (싸우다) fought fought

find (알다, 발견하다) found found

get (얻다) got gotten (or got)

hang (걸다) hung hung

hold (붙들다, 유지하다, 개최하다) held held

lead (인도하다, 살아가다) led led

meet (만나다) met met

shine (빛나다) shone shone

sit (앉다) sat sat

shoot (쏘다, 촬영하다) shot shot

strike (치다, 충돌하다, 생각나다) struck struck (or stricken)

swing (흔들다, 흔들리다) swung (or swang) swung

wake (잠이 깨다) woke woke (or woken)

win (이기다, 이겨서 얻다) won won

ride (타다) rode rode

read (읽다) read[red] read[red]

 

⑥'과거형'만 모음이 변화하고, ‘원형’과 ‘과거분사형’이 같은 것. [A B A]

 

원형 과거형 과거분사형

 

come (오다) came come

run (달리다, 경영하다) ran run

 

⑦'원형, 과거형, 과거분사형‘이 각각 ’다른 모음‘을 가지는 것. [A B C]

 

원형 과거형 과거분사형

begin (시작하다) began begun

drink (마시다) drank drunk (or drunken)

sing (노래하다) sang sung

sink (가라앉다) sank sunk (or sunken)

swim (수영하다) swam swum

ring (울리다) rang rung

 

⑧'모음의 변화‘가 있고, ’과거분사‘가 ’-n'으로 끝나는 것. [A B C]형

 

원형 과거형 과거분사형

blow (불다) blew blown

grow (자라다, 기르다, ~하게되다) grew grown

know (알다) knew known

throw (던지다) threw thrown

draw (그리다, 당기다) drew drawn

bear (낳다, 견디다, 열매를 맺다) bore born

bite (물다) bit bitten

choose (고르다) chose chosen

drive (몰다, 운전하다) drove driven

eat (먹다) ate eaten

fall (떨어지다) fell fallen

fly (날다) flew flown

forget (잊다) forgot forgotten

freeze (얼다) froze frozen

give (주다) gave given

hide (숨다) hid hidden

rise (오르다, 치솟다) rose risen

steal (훔치다) stole stolen

write (쓰다, 기록하다) wrote written

break (깨뜨리다) broke broken

speak (말하다) spoke spoken

shake (흔들다) shook shaken

take (잡다) took taken

lie (눕다) lay lain

lie (거짓말하다) lied lied

lay (눕히다, 놓다, 낳다) laid laid

do (하다) did done

go (가다) went gone

 

⑨‘접두사’가 붙는 동사는 원래의 ‘동사의 활용’에 준하며 그 동사와

똑같이 활용시킨다.

 

원형 과거형 과거분사형

give (주다) gave given

forgive (용서하다) forgave forgiven

 

stand (일어나다) stood stood

understand (이해하다) understood understood

 

 

take (잡다) took taken

mistake (실수하다) mistook mistaken

 

come (오다) came come

become (되다) became become

 

 

get (얻다) got gotten

forget (잊다) forgot forgotten

 

 

2.불규칙적인 변화

 

현재형 과거형 과거분사형

arise (일어나다, 발생하다) arose arisen

awake (깨어나다) awoke awoke (or awaked)

be (am, are, is) was, were been

(~이다, 있다, 되다)

bear (낳다, 견디다, 열매를 맺다) bore born

beat (치다, 뛰다, 이기다) beat beaten (or beat)

become (~이 되다) became become

begin (시작하다) began begun

bend (굽히다, 구부리다) bent bent

bet (내기 걸다, 장담하다) bet bet

bind (묶다) bound bound

bite (물다) bit bitten (or bit)

bless (축복하다) blessed (or blest) blessed (or blest)

blow (불다) blew blown

break (깨뜨리다, 부수다) broke broken

bring (가져오다) brought brought

broadcast (방송하다) broadcast broadcast

build (짓다, 건축하다) built built

burst (터지다, 폭발하다) burst burst

burn (타다, 태우다) burnt (or burned) burnt (or burned)

buy (사다) bought bought

 

can (할 수 있다) could

cast (던지다, 주조하다, 배역하다) cast cast

catch (잡다) caught caught

choose (고르다, 선택하다) chose chosen

come (오다) came come

cost (요하다, 들다) cost cost

creep (기다) crept crept

cut (베다, 자르다) cut cut

deal (나누어 주다, 다루다) dealt dealt

dig (파다) dug dug

do (하다) did done

draw (그리다, 당기다) drew drawn

dream (꿈꾸다) dreamed (or dreamt) dreamed (or dreamt)

drink (마시다) drank drunk

drive (몰다, 운전하다) drove driven

eat (먹다) ate eaten

fall (떨어지다) fell fallen

feed (먹이를 주다, 먹이를 먹다) fed fed

feel (느끼다) felt felt

fight (싸우다) fought fought

find (발견하다, 알다) found found

fly (날다) flew flown

forbid (금지하다) forbade forbidden

forget (잊다) forgot forgotten

forgive (용서하다) forgave forgiven

freeze (얼다) froze frozen

get (얻다) got got (or gotten)

give (주다) gave given

go (가다) went gone

grow (자라다, 기르다, ~하게되다) grew grown

hang (목을 매다) hanged hanged

hang (걸다) hung hung

have, has (가지고 있다) had had

hear (듣다) heard heard

hide (숨다) hid hidden

hold (붙들다, 유지하다, 개최하다) held held

hurt (다치다, 다치게 하다) hurt hurt

keep (유지하다, 간직하다) kept kept

kneel (무릎을 꿇다) knelt knelt

know (알다) knew known

lay (눕히다, 놓다, 낳다) laid laid

lead (인도하다, 살아가다) led led

learn (배우다) learned (or learnt) learned (or learnt)

leave (떠나다, 남기다, 맡기다) left left

lend (빌려주다) lent lent

let (~하게 시키다) let let

lie (눕다) lay lain

light (켜지다, 불을 붙이다) lit lit

lose (잃다, 지다) lost lost

make (만들다) made made

may (~해도 좋다) might

mean (의미하다) meant meant

meet (만나다) met met

mistake (실수하다) mistook mistaken

pass (지나가다) passed passed (or past)

pay (지불하다) paid paid

put (놓다) put put

read (읽다) read[red] read[red]

ride (탈 것을 타다) rode ridden

ring (울리다) rang rung

rise (오르다, 치솟다) rose risen

run (달리다, 경영하다) ran run

say (말하다) said said

see (보다, 이해하다, 배웅하다) saw seen

seek (찾다, 추구하다) sought sought

sell (팔다) sold sold

send (보내다) sent sent

set (갖춰놓다, 배치하다) set set

sew (바느질하다) sewed sewn, (or sewed)

shake (흔들다, 떨리다, 흔들리다) shook shaken

shall (~하기로 되어 있다) should

shine (빛나다) shone shone

shoot (쏘다, 촬영하다) shot shot

show (보여주다) showed shown (or showed)

shrink (줄다, 줄어들다) shrank shrunk

shrunk shrunken

shut (닫다) shut shut

sing (노래하다) sang sung

sink (가라앉다) sank sunk (or sunken)

sit (앉다) sat sat

sleep (잠자다) slept slept

slide (미끄러지다) slid slid

smell (냄새가 나다, 냄새 맡다) smelt smelt

sow (씨를 뿌리다) sowed sowed

speak (말하다) spoke spoken

spend (소비하다) spent spent

spin (실을 잣다, 돌리다) spun spun

spit (침을 뱉다) spat spat

spill (엎지르다) spilt spilt

spread (펴다, 퍼지다) spread spread

spring (튀다, 튀어 오르다) sprang sprung

stand (일어서다) stood stood

steal (훔치다) stole stolen

stick (찌르다, 내밀다, 고착시키다) stuck stuck

sting (찌르다, 침으로 쏘다) stung stung

stink (악취를 풍기다) stank stunk

strike (치다, 충돌하다, 생각나다) struck struck (or stricken)

swear (맹세하다) swore sworn

sweep (청소하다, 휩쓸다) swept swept

swim (수영하다) swam swum

swing (흔들다, 흔들리다) swung (or swang) swung

take (잡다) took taken

teach (가르치다) taught taught

tear (찢다) tore torn

tell (말하다, 알리다, 구별하다) told told

think (생각하다) thought thought

throw (던지다) threw thrown

understand (이해하다) understood understood

wake (잠이깨다, 깨우다) woke woken

wear (착용하다, 닭아 떨어지다) wore worn

weep (울다) wept wept

will (~일 것이다) would

win (이기다, 이겨서 얻다) won won

write(쓰다, 기록하다) wrote written